China Liquid Cooling Server Penetration Rises from Under 3% in 2021 to 20% in 2025
Liquid cooling for data centers is gaining traction as AI drives higher computing density. China's liquid cooling server penetration rose from under 3% in 2021 to 20% in 2025, while global AI data center liquid cooling penetration increased from 14% in 2024 to 33% in 2025. Cold plate liquid cooling dominates, with immersion cooling limited to specific high-density scenarios. At the 2026 World AI Conference, major server vendors including Huawei, ZTE, H3C, and Inspur upgraded their supernode systems to full liquid cooling. Coolant standardization remains incomplete, with PG 25 (25% propylene glycol, 75% deionized water) and EG 25 lacking unified specifications. Operational complexity and construction costs pose ongoing challenges.
- Effective
- +10
- Intensity
- 65
- Confidence
- 75%
- Horizon
- Medium term